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Featuring Sheila Simms Watson "The Miami Midwife"
So grab a cup of tea and join me "In My Mother's House" - our village blog, where we dialog about current issues related to midwives, mothers, babies & birth..........
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Reprinted from U.S. Breastfeeding Committee Sat, April 05 supporters News Blast...To View the full online article use this link W.K. Kellogg Foundation Awards Grant to U.S. Breastfeeding Committee
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Sheila,
You are the great Mother of all Mothers
Like the Moon, like the Sea
Offering Light, offering salt
Through the dark of awareness
As we find our way into mothering
To become mothers
And the Woman I am meant to be
Thank you
For your strength as I find my strenght
For who you are spills out into my
Family
Our Children
Forever
You are truly dear, Sheila
Wendy
January 1, 2008
Breastfeeding Benefits Boys' Brains |
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| By Kristina Fiore, Staff Writer, MedPage Today December 20, 2010 |
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| Review Breastfeeding for at least six months has been associated with enhanced immunity and other benefits for children -- but a prospective study from Australia suggests breastfeeding may also yield academic benefits later in a child's life, at least for boys. The study, which followed almost 3,000 children from birth onward, found those who were predominantly breastfed for six months or longer had significantly higher scores on standardized tests of reading, math, and spelling at age 10 compared with kids breastfed for shorter periods, according to Wendy Oddy, PhD, of Telethon Institute for Child Health Research in Perth in Western Australia, and colleagues. However, the effects on those test scores appeared to be much stronger for boys than for girls, Oddy and co-authors reported online in Pediatrics. "Our study adds to growing evidence that breastfeeding for at least six months has beneficial effects on optimal child development," they wrote. While breastfeeding is promoted as beneficial to both the mother and newborn -- and exclusive breastfeeding for at least six months is widely recommended -- the benefits of breastfeeding on cognitive development have not been clear, according to background provided by the authors. For example, the researchers asked, would benefits breastfeeding reflect nutritional or socioeconomic advantages? Some studies have shown no benefits in terms of academic achievement after adjusting for socioeconomic status, environment, and maternal verbal ability, while benefits are apparent in others. To examine the relationship between duration of breastfeeding and educational outcomes, the researchers assessed data from the Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort, which included 2,900 women who were enrolled at 18 weeks gestation. A total of 2,868 infants were then followed prospectively. The researchers matched these data with standardized test scores in mathematics, reading, writing, and spelling for 1,038 of these children. Overall, the researchers found that children who were breastfed for at least six months had higher academic scores than those who weren't breastfed that long. Children of mothers who were merely continuing to breastfeed at six months had significantly better scores, which increased with each additional month of breastfeeding for math (P=0.01), reading (P<0.001), writing (P=0.004), and spelling (P=0.005). But these results were attenuated when adjusted for confounding factors including maternal and demographic factors. With each additional month of breastfeeding, the scores still increased, but did not reach significance, the researchers said. However, children of mothers who were predominantly breastfed at six months had significantly improved academic scores in multivariable models for reading, math, and spelling. Those findings approached significance for writing, the researchers said. The relationship may be explained by the fact that nutrients in breast milk -- especially long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids -- are essential for optimum brain growth, including cell membranes and neurons. When looking at other factors, the researchers found that lower maternal education and family income were significantly associated with decreased child academic achievement. Conversely, reading and looking at books with the child between ages 3 and 5 were associated with improved mean scores for reading and writing, particularly for girls. This gender difference also held true for the big picture. When analyzing the cohort by gender, predominant breastfeeding at six months was significantly associated wtih increased mathematics, reading, writing, and spelling scores for boys -- but there was no effect on educational attainment for girls in any subject. The researchers said this could be due to the fact that male children are known to be more vulnerable to adversity during critical periods, which may be related to the neuroprotective effect of estradiols. These are typically at higher concentrations in female children. Thus, any neuroprotective role of breast milk would have greater benefits for male children, they explained. Another possibility is that breastfeeding has a positive effect on the mother-child relationship, facilitating bonding, interaction, and, indirectly, cognitive growth. Studies have shown that male infants are more reliant than females on maternal attentnion, so the positive effects of this bond may be stronger in males. One limitation of the study was that it could not control for maternal intelligence. There was also a lack of information on children who attended non-government schools, and no data on academic achievement at other time points. The study was also conducted only among mothers and children in Australia, which may limit its generalizability to other locations. The Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort Study is funded by grants from Raine Medical Research Foundation, the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia, Western Australian Health Promotion Foundation, and the Australian Rotary Health Fund. Co-authors were supported by a Curtin University fellowship and the Australian Research Council. The researchers reported no conflicts of interest. Source reference: Oddy WH, et al "Breastfeeding duration and academic achievement at 10 years"Pediatr 2010; DOI: 10.1542/peds.2009-3489. |
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